Differences Between Mitosis And Meiosis

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Type of division

Mitosis involves the separation of sister chromatids whereas meiosis involves the separation of homologous chromosomes at anaphase I, followed by the separation of sister chromatids at anaphase II.

Daughter cells

In mitosis, two daughter cells are formed per cycle whereas in meiosis, four daughter cells are formed per cycle.

Synapsis

In mitosis, synapsis of homologous chromosomes does not occur whereas in meiosis, synapsis of homologous chromosomes may occur.

Number of chromosomes

In mitosis, the number of chromosomes in daughter cells is the same as that of parent cell whereas in meiosis, the number of chromosomes in daughter cells is half that of parent cell.

Genetic content

In mitosis, genetic content of daughter cells is identical to that of parent cell whereas in meiosis, genetic content of daughter cells is different from that of parent cell.

Occurrence

Mitosis occurs during growth, repair and replacement whereas meiosis occurs during gamete formation and spore formation only.
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Cytokinesis In Animal And Plant Cells

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Cytokinesis is the division of cytoplasm. During cytokinesis, the cytoplasm divides, cell membrane pinches inwards, producing two daughter cells. Cytokinesis in animal cells involves the formation of cleavage furrow whereas cytokinesis in plant cells involves the formation of cell plate.

Cytokinesis in animal cells - Formation of cleavage furrow

During cytokinesis, the cell membrane pinches inward at the middle of the cell, dividing the cell into two new cells.

Cytokinesis in plant cells - Formation of cell plate

During cytokinesis, a cell plate forms in the middle of the cell, dividing the cytoplasm in half. Two new cell walls form on each side of the cell plate, dividing the cell into two new cells.
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Stages Of Meiosis - Meiosis I, Meiosis II

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Meiotic cell division or meiosis consists of two phases, meiosis I and meiosis II. Each phase is divided into four stages which are prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase.

Prophase I

During prophase I, each chromosome is now consists of two sister chromatids. Crossing over may occur. The nucleolus disappears, nuclear membrane breaks down and spindle fibers assemble.

Metaphase I

During metaphase I, the spindle fibers attach to the centromeres of chromosomes. The homologous chromosomes align themselves at equatorial plane or metaphase plate.

Anaphase I

During anaphase I, the spindle fibers contract, separating the homologous chromosomes. The homologous chromosomes move toward the opposite poles.

Telophase I

During telophase I, the separated homologous chromosomes arrive at the poles. The spindle fibers disappear, nucleolus reappears and nuclear membrane reforms.

Prophase II

During prophase II, the nucleolus disappears, nuclear membrane breaks down and spindle fibers assemble.

Metaphase II

During metaphase II, the spindle fibers attach to the centromeres of chromosomes. The chromosomes align themselves at equatorial plane or metaphase plate.

Anaphase II

During anaphase II, the spindle fibers contract, separating the sister chromatids. The sister chromatids move toward the opposite poles.

Telophase II

During telophase II, the daughter chromosomes arrive at the poles. The spindle fibers disappear, nucleolus reappears and nuclear membrane reforms. Cytokinesis begins.
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The Cell Cycle - G1, S Phase, G2, M Phase

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The cell cycle consists of two main phases which are interphase and M phase. Interphase is divided into G1, S and G2 whereas M phase is divided into mitosis (nuclear division) and cytokinesis (cytoplasmic division).

The cell spends 90% of its time in interphase and only 10% of its time in M phase.

G1 (Gap 1)

G1 is the period after the birth of a new cell until S phase. During G1, the chromosomes look like thread structures called chromatins. The cell synthesizes proteins, enzymes, organelles and other substances.

S phase (Synthesis)

S phase is the period between G1 and G2. During S phase, the chromosomes condense and replicate. Each chromosome consists of two sister chromatids.

G2 (Gap 2)

G2 is the period between S phase and the beginning of mitosis. During G2, the cell continues to synthesize more proteins, enzymes, organelles and other substances.

Mitosis

During mitosis, the nucleus of the cell divides through stages known as prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase.

Cytokinesis

During cytokinesis, the cytoplasm of the cell divides, producing two new cells.
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Stages Of Mitosis - Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase

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Mitotic cell division or mitosis is classified into four stages which are prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase.

Prophase

During prophase, each chromosome is now consists of two sister chromatids. The nucleolus disappears, nuclear membrane breaks down and spindle fibers assemble.

Metaphase

During metaphase, the spindle fibers attach to the centromeres of chromosomes. The chromosomes align themselves at equatorial plane or metaphase plate.

Anaphase

During anaphase, the spindle fibers contract, separating the sister chromatids. The sister chromatids move toward the opposite poles.

Telophase

During telophase, the daughter chromosomes arrive at the poles. The spindle fibers disappear, nucleolus reappears and nuclear membrane reforms. Cytokinesis begins.
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