Factors Affecting Rate Of Transpiration - Temperature, Humidity, Wind Speed, Light Intensity

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Transpiration is evaporation of water through stomatal openings in leaves. Factors affecting rate of transpiration are temperature, humidity, air movement and light intensity.

Effect of temperature on rate of transpiration

The higher the temperature, the higher the rate of transpiration. The hotter it is, the more water molecules evaporate.

Effect of humidity on rate of transpiration

The higher the humidity, the lower the rate of transpiration. The more saturated the air, the less evaporation can take place.

Effect of wind speed on rate of transpiration

The higher the wind speed the higher the rate of transpiration. The more water molecules are blown away, the more evaporation can take place.

Effect of light intensity on rate of transpiration

The higher the light intensity, the higher the rate of evaporation. The more stomata open during photosynthesis, the more water molecules evaporate.
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ABO Blood Group System - Blood Group A, B, AB, O

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In ABO blood group system, an individual can be blood group A, B, AB or O based on the types of antigens on the surfaces of red blood cells.

Blood group A

An individual with blood group A has A antigens on the surfaces of red blood cells and antibodies against B antigens in plasma.

Blood group B

An individual with blood group B has B antigens on the surfaces of red blood cells and antibodies against A antigens in plasma.

Blood group AB

An individual with blood group AB has both A and B antigens on the surfaces of red blood cells. An individual with blood group AB is a universal recipient.

Blood group O

An individual with blood group O has both antibodies against A and B antigens in plasma. An individual with blood group O is a universal donor.

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Differences Between Arteries And Veins

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Direction of blood flow

Arteries carry blood from the heart to tissues whereas veins carry blood from tissues to the heart.

Types of blood carried

Arteries carry oxygenated blood except pulmonary artery whereas veins carry deoxygenated blood except pulmonary vein.

Blood pressure

Blood pressure in arteries is high whereas blood pressure in veins is low.

Diameter of lumen

Arteries have small lumen whereas veins have large lumen.

Elastic fibers

Arteries have more elastic fibers whereas veins have less elastic fibers.

Smooth muscle layer

Arteries have thick smooth muscle layer whereas veins have thin smooth muscle layer.

Pulsation

Pulse is present in larger arteries whereas pulse is absent in veins.

Semilunar valves

Semilunar valves are absent in arteries except at the base of aorta whereas semilunar valves are present in most veins.
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Types Of Immunity - Active Immunity, Passive Immunity

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Immunity is divided into active immunity and passive immunity. In active immunity, antibodies are produced by own body. In passive immunity, antibodies are obtained from others. Active and passive immunity are further divide into natural and artificial active immunity and natural and artificial passive immunity respectively.

Active immunity - Natural active immunity, Artificial active immunity

In natural active immunity, antibodies are produced by the body in response to pathogens after recovery from illness. In artificial active immunity, antibodies are produced by the body in response to vaccination.

Passive immunity - Natural passive immunity, Artificial passive immunity

In natural passive immunity, antibodies are obtained from mother to infant through placenta or breast milk. In artificial passive immunity, antibodies are obtained through injection of serum.
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